{"id":2176,"date":"2018-04-03T11:12:16","date_gmt":"2018-04-03T15:12:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/?p=2176"},"modified":"2018-04-06T07:44:46","modified_gmt":"2018-04-06T11:44:46","slug":"the-once-and-future-otter-creek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/the-once-and-future-otter-creek\/","title":{"rendered":"The Once and Future Otter Creek"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>An ode to brook trout and the river ecologists who study them<\/h2>\n<p><strong>By Stephanie Mills<br \/>\nCurrent Contributor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When your heart wells and you shed tears of joy, the occasion merits serious attention. In my long years of professing bio-regionalism, many such moments of pure connection with some true marvel have happened: out back on my patchwork of land; elsewhere amid prairie forbs and grasses; at the raging Pacific Ocean\u2019s shore; and in doing creative work. Finding myself misty-eyed at last year\u2019s Research Rendezvous lectures\u2014given by scientists who work in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sleepingbeardunes.com\/\">Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore<\/a>\u2014surprised me, though.<\/p>\n<p>Brett Fessell, a river ecologist with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rcapc.biz\/\">Russell Clark Associates<\/a>\u2014an environmental planning and design group that belongs to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gtbindians.org\/naturalresources.asp\">Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians<\/a>\u2014was the speaker for the Research Rendezvous lecture back in September 2016, and his talk brought me to tears of joy. <\/p>\n<p>Fessell\u2019s affection for Otter Creek and its population of brook trout is plain. He has been doing a long-term study of brook trout in Otter Creek, which meanders leisurely through marshes of cedar, poplar, and alder shade, then out into Lake Michigan. <\/p>\n<p>Although Fessell\u2019s presentation was easy going, it offered a rich synthesis of his considerable knowledge of the Otter Creek watershed\u2019s geohistory, hydrology, and ecology. As he spoke about the glacial processes that shaped the roughly five-square-mile watershed\u2014the ancient forces that deposited the marls that conduced to the springs that cooled the pools where brook trout could spawn and mature\u2014those dynamic earth changes became vivid and comprehensible. It was time travel, courtesy of the facts and imagination.<\/p>\n<p>Fessell\u2019s existentially serious attention to this minute but vital portion\u2014a clean, short, little capillary\u2014of Lake Michigan\u2019s watershed is something wonderful but not unique. Scores of naturalists in our bio-region are fixing their minds and hearts on wild lives and landscapes. <\/p>\n<p>The field scientists among them who brave the elements, discomforts, and all-season rigors of the place to study its biota and who then contribute sturdy data to public questions about how we might better coexist with those multitudes of other beings\u2014they perform a very real service.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, jurisdictional, political, and regulatory complexity are inescapable working conditions for resource professionals, but it is surely affection that sustains them through the number-crunching, desk work, and hazards in the field. Fessell, who has worked with the tribe for 20 years, is seasoned in collaborating with a complex welter of public agencies, a tribal government, and feisty anglers. This perseverance and diplomacy also attest a consecrated life. <\/p>\n<p>Fessell might not see it that way, but he seems mighty grateful to be doing what he is doing. It suits him, right down to his waders.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Plan for the Brookies<br \/>\n<\/strong>The \u201cbrookie\u201d\u2014a nimble, charismatic native fish\u2014is a prized catch. It is a versatile creature, thriving in both streams and along the coast of the Great Lakes. Coasters, the adfluvial brook trout that swim out of their native streams and into the great lake, can bulk up during the next few months or years, spent in the lake\u2019s wide open spaces. For instance, typical weight varies from half a pound to 6.5 pounds, but a coaster that was caught in Thunder Bay a century ago weighed in at more than 14 pounds, and there have been reports of Otter Creek coasters, too, for the way to the coast is clear.<\/p>\n<p>The natural continuance of brookies, <em>Salvelinus fontinalis<\/em>, is the keynote of the Otter Creek survey and any future restoration work. <\/p>\n<p>A restoration plan, based on intensive study of the watershed\u2019s hydrogeology and geologic history, led to what Fessell calls some \u201cvery fine grain design.\u201d It is, at present, in abeyance, however, owing to shifts in the tribe\u2019s Natural Resources Department and to the challenge of organizing support and funding.<br \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2178\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2178\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brett_Fessel-web.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brett_Fessel-web.jpg\" alt=\"Brett Fessell river ecologist Aral Betsie Current Benzie County Otter Creek brook trout russel clark associates naturechange.org\" width=\"1000\" height=\"668\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2178\" srcset=\"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brett_Fessel-web.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brett_Fessel-web-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brett_Fessel-web-768x513.jpg 768w, http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brett_Fessel-web-705x471.jpg 705w, http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brett_Fessel-web-450x301.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2178\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brett Fessell, a river ecologist with Russell Clark Associates, an environmental planning and design group that belongs to the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, has been doing a long-term study of brook trout in Otter Creek. Photo courtesy of <em>NatureChange.org<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p>One thing is known for certain, though\u2014respecting nature\u2019s own genius for balancing ecosystems and determining carrying capacity, there will be no captive breeding or stocking of fish in Otter Creek, according to Fessell. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe don\u2019t always know whether we\u2019re pushing the limits of the habitat,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n<p>The wild brook trout, inseparable from its Otter Creek habitat, is one among a community of 25 species of fishes, only four of them non-native, and countless other critters. To thrive in a stream, the brookies need, among other things, the shelter of large woody debris\u2014also known as fallen trees\u2014and the thermal refuge of clean, cold, upwelling groundwater. Pool depth and cover, diversity of bed forms, and undercut banks where they can abide are also of importance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Then and Now<br \/>\n<\/strong>Otter Creek\u2019s picturesque, low-gradient watershed\u2014entirely contained within the national park\u2014was hard used in the past. Historic accounts of the area tell of many streams that were so densely shaded by old-growth forest and riparian brush that their courses could only be inferred from their flowing waters\u2019 sound. <\/p>\n<p>Lovely as the area presently is, the thought of its being cloaked in vegetation so thick and abundant is fairly stunning to imagine. Those cedars would have needed centuries to mature, then could die of old age and topple into the rivers, carrying on their life\u2019s work as large woody debris. But 19th-century logging claimed the trees, log drives scoured the stream beds, wiping out bogs and fens along the way, and the vast conflagrations of slash that followed the cut left the landscape pretty raw.<\/p>\n<p>Natural history is a fine passion: there can be something clear and true of mind and heart in scientific attention, paid out of doors. In this story, it contributes to a long-term hope of seeing the flourishing of a creek and its ecology, attested by a healthy run of brook trout. It even, in its example, offers hope for our kind.<\/p>\n<p>For the Tribal Council, the rehabilitation of a watershed like Otter Creek and sustaining its population of native fish would support their goals of maintaining treaty rights in the fishery, which was once and may again be important as sustenance, as well as the cultural value of participation in the mortal dance of give and take with the lands and waters of home.<\/p>\n<p>The Otter Creek story\u2019s swirl and flow of creatures, currents, patience, possibility, and commitment stirred my heart with a power of good. Listening to Fessell, whose good humor and learning were as lively and fluent as some of Otter Creek\u2019s marly springs, I wondered if this meticulous research project\u2014so carefully considered, if relatively modest in geographic, but not cultural and metaphysical, scope\u2014might not also be a long-term ceremony. <\/p>\n<p>It is a way of studying and honoring the land and waters as they were and are. While pledging recollection of their true nature, the purpose is not to make an aquarium or museum diorama, but through long-term, careful work to repair relationships throughout.<\/p>\n<p>This goal\u2014of healthier relations among streams, fish, and fishers\u2014may sound \u201ca little Pollyanna,\u201d Fessell admits. \u201cBut I\u2019m here to tell you that we\u2019re making progress. That\u2019s important. That\u2019s what we really need to do.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So cue those tears of joy. <\/p>\n<p><em>A version of this story first published on <a href=\"http:\/\/NatureChange.org\">NatureChange.org<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An ode to brook trout and the river ecologists who study them<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":2177,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[199,41,37,43,204,56,198,44,205,53],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Otter_Creek_at_Aral_Spring_2017-web.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3TDCr-z6","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2176"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2176"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2201,"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2176\/revisions\/2201"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/betsiecurrent.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}